Instruction And Operator

              Instructions And Operator

In the C language, instructions and operators are foundational concepts used to write programs that perform specific tasks.

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🔹 Instruction in C

An instruction in C is a command given to the compiler to perform a specific operation. These form the building blocks of a C program. They tell the computer what to do.

Types of Instructions:

1. Type Declaration Instruction: Declares variables and their data types.

   int a, b;
   float salary;
   

2. Arithmetic Instruction: Performs arithmetic operations.

   sum = a + b;
   product = a * b;
   

3. Control Instruction: Directs the flow of execution.

   • Conditional: if, if-else, switch

   • Looping: for, while, do-while

   • Jumping: break, continue, goto, return

   if (a > b) {
       printf("A is greater");
   }
   

4. Input/Output Instruction: Used for reading input and displaying output.

   scanf("%d", &a);
   printf("Value of a: %d", a);
   

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🔹 Operator in C

An operator is a symbol that performs an operation on variables or values.

Categories of Operators:

1. Arithmetic Operators: Used for basic arithmetic operations.

   • +, -, *, /, %

   c = a + b;
   

2. Relational (Comparison) Operators: Compare two values.

   • ==, !=, >, <, >=, <=

   if (a != b) { ... }
   

3. Logical Operators: Combine conditions.

   • && (AND), || (OR), ! (NOT)

   if (a > 0 && b > 0) { ... }
   

4. Assignment Operators: Assign values to variables.

   • =, +=, -=, *=, /=, %=

   a += 5; // same as a = a + 5;
   

5. Increment/Decrement Operators: Increase or decrease value by 1.

   • ++, --

   a++; // Post-increment
   ++b; // Pre-increment
   

6. Bitwise Operators: Operate on binary data.

   • &, |, ^, ~, <<, >>

7. Conditional (Ternary) Operator: Short form for if-else.

   • condition ? expr1 : expr2;

   int max = (a > b) ? a : b;
   

8. Sizeof Operator: Returns the size of a data type or variable.

   int size = sizeof(int);
   

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